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| Use
these links to go directly to specific content further down on this page: - Government section - Sections 7 and 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights - Human rights legislation in Ontario - International Human Rights Day - Non-governmental section - Canada at the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights- 1998 papers - International section |
See the following related Canadian Social Research Links pages: - United Nations Links - for all things U.N. (including Human Development reports and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) - Case Law / Court Decisions / Inquests - Court cases, inquests and appeals dealing with human rights, poverty and welfare issues. That's where you can find information about Kimberly Rogers - Louise Gosselin - Sandra Falkiner - James Finlay - Charter cases - more... - Children's Rights - a separate page of links concerning the rights of children and youth - incl. the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (Special Session on the Rights of the Child) Canadas National Plan of Action for Children, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, etc. |
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New from
Human
Rights Watch:
World
Report: Abusers Target Human Rights Messengers
Rights-Respecting Governments
Should Speak Up to Protect Defenders
January 20, 2010
News Release
Washington,
DC - Governments responsible for serious human rights violations have over the
past year intensified attacks against human rights defenders and organizations
that document abuse, Human Rights Watch said today in issuing its World Report
2010. The 612-page report, the organization's 20th annual review of human rights
practices around the globe, summarizes major human rights trends in more than
90 nations and territories worldwide*, reflecting
the extensive investigative work carried out in 2009 by Human Rights Watch staff.
-----
*
more than 90 nations and territories worldwide, including the U.S. --- but
not Canada.
Hey - wassup with THAT?
... "attacks against
human rights defenders and organizations that document abuse" sounds like
something that's been happening here in Canada, what with the increasing amount
of media slagging in the past few years about human rights bodies and even respected
individuals, like Louise
Arbour, former Supreme Court Justice and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.
The only Canada coverage in the Human Rights Watch
site is the following:
Canada:
Human Rights Watch
- incl, links to * News Releases * Reports * Commentaries
* Letters
Complete report:
World
Report 2010 (PDF - 3.7MB, 624 pages)
Introduction
to World Report 2010:
The
Abusers Reaction: Intensifying Attacks on
Human Rights Defenders, Organizations,
and Institutions
By Kenneth Roth, executive director of Human Rights
Watch
Country Chapters - links to individual reports for 90 countries , including the U.S. --- but not Canada.
Source:
Human
Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch is one
of the worlds leading independent organizations dedicated to defending and
protecting human rights. By focusing international attention where human rights
are violated, we give voice to the oppressed and hold oppressors accountable for
their crimes
Related links:
*
Canadian
Human Rights Commission
***** Links
- over 120 links to related resources
* United
Nations Association in Canada
***** Canada
and Human Rights
List of Provincial
Human Rights Commissions
Newfoundland and
Labrador: http://www.justice.gov.nl.ca/hrc/
Prince
Edward Island:
http://www.gov.pe.ca/humanrights/index.php3?number=72187&lang=E
Nova
Scotia: http://www.gov.ns.ca/humanrights/
New
Brunswick: http://www.gnb.ca/hrc-cdp/index-e.asp
Quebec:
http://142.213.87.17/en/home.asp
Ontario:
http://www.ohrc.on.ca
Manitoba:
http://www.gov.mb.ca/hrc
Saskatchewan:
http://www.shrc.gov.sk.ca/
Alberta:
http://www.albertahumanrights.ab.ca/
British Columbia: http://www.bchrt.bc.ca/
Google
News Search results:
"Canada, human rights" - 2,495 results
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|
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|
Government Sites |
Canadian
Heritage
"The Canadian Heritage Portfolio,
which includes the Department of Canadian Heritage and our major national cultural
institutions, plays a vital role in the cultural and civic life of Canadians.
We work together to promote culture, the arts, heritage, official languages, citizenship
and participation, and Aboriginal, youth, and sport initiatives."
- incl.
links to : A to Z Index - Arts and Culture - Citizenship and Identity - Diversity
and Multiculturalism - International - Sport - Youth - The Department - About
us - What's new - Application Forms - Funding Programs - Legislation - Organizational
View - Publications - Regional Offices - Agencies and Corporations
Human
Rights in Canada
- incl. links to :
* Speaking
Notes for Eileen Sarkar, Assistant Deputy Minister, Citizenship and Heritage
* Partnering for Children's Rights
* Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
* Canada's Reports to UN Human Rights Conventions and Related Official Documents
* Selected Themes and Tributes
* Did you know?
* Continuing Committee
of Officials on Human Rights
Human
Rights Program
- incl. links to : * Did You Know? * Links * Themes
and Tributes * Funding Program * Publications and Documents * Canadian Charter
of Rights and Freedoms * Human Rights in Canada * International Human Rights
- Links
to other Human Rights websites
Canada
and International Human Rights : Main Menu
- incl. links to:
*
Canada and the International Human Rights System: An Introduction * Multilateral
human rights treaties to which Canada is a party * Canada's Reports on United
Nations Conventions and Related Official Documents * Complaints to international
organizations * Decisions of international bodies * Glossary of UN Terms * Universal
Periodic Review
In addition to supporting the principles
enunciated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
Canada has ratified
the six United Nations human rights treaties and submitted reports on the implementation
of each of these treaties.
Core
Document to accompany all of Canada's Reports.
Basic reference
document on Canada's political system for use by United Nations Human Rights Committees
reviewing Canada's reports.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Adopted and proclaimed by the UN general Assembly on December 10, 1948.
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) - Accession by Canada in May 1976.Text of the Covenant, the first optional protocol and the views of the UN Committee on the merit of communications against Canada, Canada's most recent reports and the UN Committee conclusions on these reports.
The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESC). Ratified by Canada in May 1976.Text of the Covenant, Canada's most recent reports and the UN Committee conclusions on these reports.
The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD). Accession by Canada in October 1970. Text of the Convention, Canada's most recent reports and the UN Committee conclusions on these reports.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Ratified by Canada in December 1991. Text of the Convention, the Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (ratified by Canada in July 2000), and the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (ratified by Canada in September 2005), Canada's reports and the UN Committee conclusions on these reports.
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). Ratified by Canada in December 1981. Text of the Convention, the optional protocol, Canada's most recent reports and the UN Committee's conclusions on these reports.
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT). Ratified by Canada in June 1987. Text of the Convention, Canada's most recent reports and the UN Committee's conclusions on these reports.
Also from Canadian Heritage:
Aboriginal
Peoples' Program
The Aboriginal Peoples' Program (APP) supports the
full participation and cultural revitalization of Aboriginal People in Canadian
society. It enables Aboriginal Peoples to address the social, cultural, economic
and political issues affecting their lives.
[ Aboriginal
Programs, Policy, and Research ]
---
Canada's
Universal Periodic Review
Canadas review before the United Nations
Human Rights Councils Universal Periodic Review (UPR) Working Group session
took place on February 3, 2009. A total of 45 states intervened during the three-hour
interactive dialogue. These states made recommendations to Canada on a wide range
of topics.
The
Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review of Canada
(PDF - 97K, 24 pages)
March 3, 2009
- includes a list of the 68 recommendations
Canada received from other States.
Response
of Canada to the Recommendations
June 5, 2009
Canada welcomes
and has given careful consideration to the 68 recommendations made during its
Universal Periodic Review. (...)
Canada's
Universal Periodic Review
Canada's review under the Universal Periodic
Review (UPR) took place on February 3, 2009. Under the UPR, Canada must submit
a written report (see "National Report" link above), with information
on the promotion and protection of human rights in Canada, including achievements,
best practices, and challenges. In addition, the report must include initiatives
and commitments to address any challenges and improve human rights situations
on the ground. Federal, provincial and territorial government officials worked
together to identify the principal themes/issues that were to be addressed in
Canadas report. The issues that were included in Canada's report are available
in the report outline.
- includes background information on the UPR, info on
the UPR Process and a few links to related content.
Related link: UN
panel calls for better treatment of Canada's Aboriginals, immigrants |
Canada
at the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights - 1998
papers
(this link takes you further down on this page - click your
browser's BACK button to return here)
|
Canadian
Human Rights Commission
"The Canadian Human Rights Commission
administers both the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Employment Equity Act,
and ensures that the principles of equal opportunity and non-discrimination are
followed in all areas of federal jurisdiction."
- incl. links to : About
Us - Discrimination and Harassment - Complaints - Alternative Dispute Resolution
- Preventing Discrimination - Pay Equity - Employment Equity - Employers - Media
Room - Publications - Legislation and Policies - Disclosure of Travel and Hospitality
Expenses
*
Human Rights Links
- incl. links to : Provincial and Territorial Human Rights Agencies - International
Human Rights Agencies - Federal Departments or Organizations with Human Rights
Responsibilities - United Nations - Organizations dedicated to the protection
of Human Rights - United Nations tools for the enforcement of Human Rights - Non-Governmental
Organizations - Acts, Tribunals and Judicial decisions - Universities - Others
* Women's Rights in Canada since 1900
* Aboriginal Rights in Canada since 1900
* Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Canada since 1900
|
Canadian
Human Rights Tribunal
- incl. links to : About the CHRT - Public Documents
- FAQ - Decisions - Cases - Search - Alternate Resources
Related link from MapleLeafWeb:
Canadas
Human Rights Commission System:
Introduction to the Canadian Human Rights
Commission and Tribunal
By Jay Makarenko
November 18, 2008
The
Canadian human rights commission system is constituted by two key federal agencies:
the Canadian Human Rights Commission and the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal. These
agencies administer, promote, and adjudicate Canadas federal human rights
and employment equity legislation. This article provides an introduction to the
history, role, structure, and key issues concerning these agencies.
The
Canadian Human Rights Act: Introduction to Canadas Federal Human Rights
Legislation
By Jay Makarenko
November 18, 2008
One of Canadas
central rights documents is the Canadian Human Rights Act, which protects Canadians
against discriminated against in areas of federal jurisdiction. This article presents
the purpose and history of the Act, and provides an overview of its key provisions,
application and administration.
|
|
International Human Rights Day From the United Nations website: United Nations Human Rights page ------------------- Human
Rights Day 2009 on 10 December will focus on non-discrimination.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. These
first few famous words of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights established
60 years ago the basic premise of international human rights law. Yet today, the
fight against discrimination remains a daily struggle for millions around the
globe. |
Happy
60th anniversary - Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Declaration was forged in the aftermath of the second world war and the great depression of the 1930s, when the world had grown tired of bloodshed and inequality. The opening sentences recognize the importance of human rights and the perils of ignoring them: "disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people." Source: Related links from the United Nations: Human
Rights Day - "Dignity and justice for all of us" The
Universal Declaration of Human Rights |
Foreign Affairs and International Trade
Canada's
International Human Rights Policy
Canada has been a consistently strong
voice for the protection of human rights and the advancement of democratic values,
from our central role in the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
in 1947 to 1948 to our work at the United Nations today. Canada is a party to
all six major international human rights conventions, as well as many others,
and encourages all countries which have not made these commitments to do so.
From the Standing Senate Committee on Human Rights (Parliament of Canada): Canada
and the United Nations Human Rights Council: A Time for Serious Re-Evaluation
(PDF - 260K, 49 pages) Related (??) links: US:
Leaving UN Rights Council Fails Victims of Abuse Toews
attacks Arbour in House Shame on you, Vic Toews. Louise
Arbour: Welcome Home * Office
of the High Commissioner for Human Rights |
|
Human
Rights and Freedoms
- incl. links to the following 18 studies (as at
October 2009) by the Parliamentary Information and Research Service:
(click
the link above to access al of the studies below)
* Access to Information and Privacy Rights: Changes Introduced by the Anti-Terrorism
Act and the Public Safety Act, 2002 (Revised 1 December 2008)
* Biometrics
and Government (11 September 2006)
* Canada's Federal Privacy Laws (25 September
2008)
* Canada's Legal Age of Consent to Sexual Activity (12 April 2001)
* Charter Equality Rights: Interpretation of Section 15 in Supreme Court of Canada
Decisions (March 2007)
* Collective Bargaining Under the Canada Labour Code
-- Remedies When Parties Fail to Resolve Labour Disputes (26 January 2009)
* Drug Testing in the Workplace (28 February 2008)
* Extraordinary Rendition:
International Law and the Prohibition of Torture (17 July 2008)
* Federal,
Provincial and Territorial Access to Information Legislation: An Overview (3 October
2008)
* Freedom of Religion and Religious Symbols in the Public Sphere (22
September 2008)
* Human Trafficking [In Brief] (21 November 2006)
* The
Notwithstanding Clause of the Charter (16 October 2008)
* The Right to Privacy
and Parliament [In Brief] (22 February 2006)
* Sexual Orientation and Legal
Rights (8 July 2008)
* Sexual Orientation and Legal Rights: A Chronological
Overview (26 September 2005)
* Telecommunications and Lawful Access: I. The
Legislative Situation in Canada (21 February 2006)
* Telecommunications and
Lawful Access: II. The Legislative Situation in the United States, the United
Kingdom and Australia (28 February 2006)
* Trafficking in Persons (18 July
2008)
Source:
Library
of Parliament Research Publications
[ Parliament
of Canada ]
Also from the Library of Parliament:
Bill
C-21: An Act to amend the Canadian Human Rights Act
29
May 2008
Bill C-21 repeals section 67 of the federal human rights statute,
which has restricted access to the legislations redress mechanisms with
respect to any provision of the Indian Act or any provision made under or
pursuant to that Act.(2) In December 2007 and January 2008, the Aboriginal
Affairs Committee considered Bill C-21 clause by clause in four meetings, adopting
five significant opposition amendments having to do with interpretive and process
matters, and leaving the repeal provision itself intact. On 28 May, by unanimous
consent of the House of Commons, the bill was deemed concurred in at report stage,
with government amendments modifying two of the Committees proposals, and
deemed read a third time and passed.
Canada
Report on Human Rights Practices - 2001
From the Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices
March 4, 2002
Source :
U.S. Department of State
Court
Challenges Program of Canada
The Court Challenges Program of Canada
is a national non-profit organization which was set up in 1994 to provide financial
assistance for important court cases that advance language and equality rights
guaranteed under Canada's Constitution.
The
Charter's challenges
The document is widely
lauded but recent federal funding cuts have made challenges even more difficult
to mount
April 7, 2007
By Tracey Tyler
To some, the Charter of Rights
and Freedoms, Pierre Trudeau's greatest political legacy, was a supremely undemocratic
development, weakening governments and handing judges the power to decide some
of the most pressing social issues. But for the vast majority of Canadians, the
Charter has become a symbol of national identity, taking its place alongside the
Maple Leaf, hockey and snow. In poll after poll, most embrace the Charter as a
kind of national mission statement, asserting the country's commitment to tolerance,
fairness and equality.
Source
The Toronto
Star
-----------------------------------------------------------
Support
the Court Challenges Program (CCP)!
September
28, 2006
Below you will find links to a letter to the Prime Minister and several
background documents regarding the Court Challenges Program. A Steering Committee
representative of both language rights and equality rights communities has prepared
these materials and is asking that you do the following:
Inform the Council
of Canadians with Disabilities (CCD) by noon of Monday, October 2, if you or your
organization are willing to be listed as either a supporting organization or individual
on this letter, or both.
(See http://dawn.thot.net/ccp/
for contact info)
Sign on to the Letter to the Prime Minister in
Support of the Court Challenges Program
http://dawn.thot.net/ccp/ccp1.html
The Court Challenges Program: An Important Access to Justice Institution
http://dawn.thot.net/ccp/ccp2.html
The Court Challenges Program: An Effective and Accountable Institution
http://dawn.thot.net/ccp/ccp3.html
The History of the Court Challenges Program
http://dawn.thot.net/ccp/ccp4.html
Source:
Council
of Canadians with Disabilities
DisAbled
Women's Network - DAWN Ontario
-----------------------------------------------------------
Justice
comes at too high a price: Chief Justice McLachlin
March
09, 2007
TORONTO - Middle-class Canadians are increasingly frozen out by the
cost and complexity of Canada's judicial processes, Beverley McLachlin, Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court, said yesterday. Many Canadians would have to consider
remortgaging their home, gambling their retirement savings or forsaking their
child's college fund to pursue justice, Chief Justice McLachlin told an audience
of about 150 at the Royal York Hotel yesterday.
Source:
National
Post
-----------------------
Legal
Guide to Ontario Human Rights Law ------------------------------- Ontario Human Rights Legislation Reform (2005-2006) From the Ontario Ministry of the Attorney General: Government
Tables Key Amendments to Related Links: Proposed
Amendments to Bill 107 Bill
107, ----------------- From
the Accessibility for Ontarians
with Disabilities Act Alliance Ontario
Human Rights Reform - A Call to Action ----------------- *And now, a different perspective from the so-called "small vocal group of self-designated human rights lawyers" mentioned above: [Ontario]
Human Rights Reform website Related Links: Commission
Launches Consultation on Human Rights in Rental Housing Editorial:
Wrong way on rights Google Web Search Results: Strengthening
Ontario's Human Rights System - from the Ontario
Human Rights Commission More
info on the history of human rights legislation Accessibility
for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance (AODA) Pivotal
Time for Human Rights, Ontario Human Rights Chief Commissioner Reports Ontario
Human Rights Commission Source: --------------------------------------------------------- Outcry
against Bill 107 grows: more than 50 organizations call on Premier for change Source: Ontario
Human Rights Reform - A Call to Action |
Non-Governmental Organizations |
CANADA
WITHOUT POVERTY / CANADA SANS PAUVRETÉ
Founded in 1971, Canada
Without Poverty (officially the National Anti-Poverty Organization) is an incorporated,
not-for-profit, non-partisan, member-based organization dedicated to the eradication
of poverty in Canada. We believe this ideal can be realized by 2020, if not sooner,
especially in a country as wealthy as Canada
Canada
to reject 14 of 68 international human rights
recommendations including the
development of a national strategy to eliminate poverty
June 6, 2009
By
Rob Rainer
On Friday June 5, 2009 the Government of Canada made public Canadas
response to the 68 human rights-related recommendations made to Canada by the
UN Human Rights Council, per the 2009 Universal Periodic Review.
This response
will be communicated by the government before the Council on Tuesday June 9.
To aid your understanding of the UPR recommendations to Canada and Canada's response, and for ready reference, please see the links below from Heritage Canada's Human Rights Program website.
Of the 68 recommendations, Canada is accepting 39, rejecting 14 and partially accepting 15. Canada is rejecting some recommendations that, were they to be accepted, would mean Canada would join and/or ratify several international human rights treaties. The rejected recommendations also include a number specific to economic and social rights, including:
#1 (Ratify the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social
and Cultural Rights)
#10 (Recognize the justiciability of social, economic
and cultural rights, in accordance with the Optional Protocol to the International
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; ensure legal enforcement of
economic, social and cultural rights in domestic courts; grant the same importance
to and treat equally civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, in
its legislation at all levels); and
#17 (Develop a national strategy to eliminate
poverty)
On #17, that Canada is rejecting the call for a national strategy to eliminate poverty undermines the recent or current efforts of the House of Commons' HUMA Committee and various Senate committees and sub-committees to help determine the appropriate role of the federal government in combating poverty Canada-wide. It also flies in the face of calls from at least a couple of provinces (e.g., Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario), pursuant to their provincial poverty action strategies, for complementary engagement of the federal government to help ensure progress on poverty.
If you have not already done so, please register your support for the new Dignity for All Campaign for a Poverty-free Canada. Through this campaign civil society will strengthen its press for enduring federal commitment for a pan-Canadian approach to combating poverty, in which the federal government exercises the leadership it ought to exercise. Such leadership includes convening a process by which a pan-Canadian strategy to eliminate poverty, that complements and supports provincial and territorial strategies, will be realized, with a strong foundation in Canadas international and domestic human rights commitments.
Rob
Rainer
Executive Director / Directeur executif
CANADA WITHOUT POVERTY
/ CANADA SANS PAUVRETÉ
Related link:
Canada
to UN: We'll decide what rights we will choose to observe...
June
8, 2009
By Michael Shapcott
Canada has signed a significant number of international
human rights treaties that are legally binding in international law, but the federal
government believes that it can pick and choose among its obligations - according
to the official document tabled at the United Nations' Rights Council in Geneva
today. The good news is that the federal government has accepted its responsibility
to take a stronger role in ensuring all Canadians are adequately housed, but the
federal government says that companion initiatives to address deep and persistent
poverty and income inequality are mostly the responsibility of provinces and territories
(and not the national government)...
Source:
Wellesley
Institute Blog
[ Wellesley Institute
]
Canadian
Civil Liberties Association
"...a non-profit,
non-government law-reform organization dealing with issues of fundamental civil
liberties and human rights that affect those who live all across Canada."
- incl. links to : Action ! | News & Events | CCLA Positions | CCLA History
| CCLA People | CCLA In The Schools | Join Us | Feedback | Search | Other Interesting
Sites
Canadian
Charter of Rights Decisions Digest
- incl. links
to : Contents | Interpretation | Waiver | Criminal Code | Statutes | Cases
This
is a must-read for anyone interested in the Canadian Charter of Rights, for the
connoisseurs and the curious alike --- includes an overview of each section of
the Charter with commentaries (by Graham Garton, Q.C., Department of Justice,
Ottawa) plus a large section of Charter decisions (with links to the actual text
wherever possible).
Here are the links to two of the most relevant sections for poverty law in Canada:
Section
7 - Life, liberty and security of person
"Everyone has the right
to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof
except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice."
Section 15 - Equality
Section
15(1) - Equality before and under law and equal protection and benefit of law
"15.(1)
Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal
protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular,
without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion,
sex, age or mental or physical disability."
Section
15(2) - Affirmative action programs
"15.(2) Subsection (1) does
not preclude any law, program or activity that has as its object the amelioration
of conditions of disadvantaged individuals or groups including those that are
disadvantaged because of race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex,
age or mental or physical disability."
Source:
CanLII
- Canadian Legal Information Institute
Online
Reference Tools: Social Justice
Links to three
dozen websites organized under the following headings:
* Human Rights / Democracy
* Human Rights / Democracy: Canadian NGOs
* Human Rights / Democracy: Gateways
* Human Rights / Democracy: International NGOs
* Human Rights / Democracy:
International Organizations
* Hunger / Poverty / Homelessness / Disaster Relief
* Women & Gender Issues
Source:
University
of Guelph Library
Human
Rights & Poverty- Get Involved!
An initiative of the National
Anti-Poverty Organization (NAPO)
Canadian
Human Rights complaint on First Nations child welfare filed today by
Assembly
of First Nations and First Nations Child and Family Caring Society of Canada
February
23, 2007
Today, the Assembly of First Nations and the First Nations Child and
Family Caring Society of Canada formally filed a complaint today with the Canadian
Human Rights Commission regarding lack of funding for First Nations child welfare.
There are more than 27,000 First Nations children
in state care. This is a national disgrace that requires the immediate and serious
attention of all governments to resolve, said National Chief Phil Fontaine.
Rational appeals to successive federal governments have been ignored. After
years of research that confirm the growing numbers of our children in care, as
well as the potential solutions to this crisis, we have no choice but to appeal
to the Canadian Human Rights Commission.
Source:
Assembly
of First Nations (AFN)
Also from AFN:
First
Nations Child and Family Services - Questions and Answers
February
2007
Leadership
Action Plan On First Nations Child Welfare (PDF File - 1.5MB, 16 pages)
November
2006
Related link:
Cindy
Blackstock Speaking Notes
Human Rights Complaint News Conference (PDF
file - 107K, 6 pages)
February 23, 2007
Ottawa
Source:
First
Nations Child and Family Caring Society of Canada
Food
and Human Rights: Hunger, Health and Social Well-Being
International Symposium
University of British Columbia
September 28-29, 2005
Co-chairs: Kimberly
Azyan, President, Social Work Alumni Association and
Graham Riches, Director,
The School of Social Work and Family Studies.
"The UBC School of Social
Work and Family Studies, in partnership with the UBC Social Work Alumni Association,
cordially invite you to a thought provoking and informative public forum on the
growth of hunger and food insecurity internationally and in Canada, and what to
do about it. Explore the tensions and complexities of the global food system and
learn about the right to food as an effective tool for action at home and overseas.
Celebrate the role of food and nutrition in building healthy and sustainable communities
and participate in drafting recommendations for achieving food security to be
directed to international institutions, governments (all levels) and civil society."
Program
HTML
PDF
(1.03MB, 2 pages)
NOTE: the PDF version includes a registration form
and fee info ($75 for all sessions, lower fees for low income participants/students)
"We
expect this to be a popular event so space will be limited. Please register by
September 9, 2005.
Register
on-line at the UBC Alumni website
Source:
School
of Social Work and Family Studies
[University
of British Columbia]
Celebrating
75 Years of Social Work Education at UBC!
Women's
Civil and Political Rights in Canada 2005
The Canadian Feminist Alliance
for International Action submission to the United Nations Human Rights Committee
on
the occasion of its review of Canadas 5th report on compliance with the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
September 2005
Introduction
- HTML
Full
Report (PDF file - 179K, 55 pages)
Source:
Canadian
Feminist Alliance for International Action
Civil
and Political Rights in British Columbia 2005
The Poverty and Human
Rights Centre submission to the United Nations Human Rights Committee
on the
occasion of its review of Canadas 5th report on compliance with the International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
October 2005
Introduction
Full
Report (PDF file - 140K, 48 pages)
Source:
Poverty
and Human Rights Centre
The
Rights of Children & Youth
- incl. links
to : Introduction - Rights at Stake - International and Regional Instruments of
Protection and Promotion - National Protection and Service Agencies - Advocacy,
Educational and Training Materials - Other Resources
Source:
Human
Rights Education Associates (HREA)
Related HREA links:
Study
Guides
"...present definitions, key rights
at stake, human rights instruments, and protection and assistance agencies, [in
addition to] links to the full text of international treaties relevant for the
topic, and other useful resources on the HREA and University of Minnesota Human
Rights Library web sites."
themes include : Children & youth - European
human rights system - Ethnic and racial minorities - Food & water - Freedom
of assembly and association - Freedom of expression - Freedom of movement - Freedom
of religion or belief - Housing - Indigenous peoples - Inter-American human rights
system - International humanitarian law -- Persons with disabilities - Refugees
- Right to culture - Right to a family - Right to life - Right to means for adequate
health - Right to vote - Rights of non-citizens - Slavery
and forced labour - Sexual orientation and human rights
- Sustainable development - The
aged - United Nations human rights system
Canadian
Bar Association Announces Legal Team to Lead Court Challenge on Constitutional
Right to Legal Aid
February 19, 2005
"CHARLOTTETOWN
The Canadian Bar Association [CBA] has named a four-person, blue-ribbon legal
team to launch a test case to challenge British Columbias legal aid plan
with the goal of establishing a constitutional right to civil legal aid in Canada."
-
incl. links to : Backgrounder - CBA and Legal Aid ; Resolution - Eligibility for
Legal Aid ; CBA Resolutions on Legal Aid ; CBA Legal Aid Legal Team Biographies
Source:
Canadian
Bar Association
Canadian
Coalition for the Rights of Children
"The
mandate of the Coalition is to ensure a collective voice for Canadian organizations
and youth concerned with the rights of children as described in the United Nations
Convention on the Rights of the Child and the World Summit for Children Declaration."
- incl. links to : More About the Coalition - Our members, and links to their
sites - UN Special Session on Children - How Does Canada Measure Up?
Related Links: Go to the Canadian Social Research Links Children's Rights Links page
Poverty
and Human Rights Centre (Canada, International,
United Nations, etc.)
Centre Directors: Gwen Brodsky, Shelagh Day
(formerly
the Poverty and Human Rights Project)
"The Poverty and Human Rights Centre
is committed to eradicating poverty and promoting social and economic equality
through human rights.
The Library
is a searchable database of materials related to social and economic rights. It
includes texts of relevant international human rights treaties, Canadian and other
laws, court decisions, legal briefs, and articles.
To use the library, go
to buttons at the top of the page (topics, documents, resources).
Factum
Library What's new
The Factum Library section contains
factums, pleadings and other litigation documents from selected Canadian human
rights cases. The materials are organized by case name, articles, and date."
- incl. links to : Recently added links - Contact Us -
About the Centre - Centre Publications
Human
Rights Denied (PDF file - 93K, 2 pages)
B.C.
Government Discriminates
Against Poor Single Mothers report
Press
Release
April 28, 2005
"Vancouver - Four constitutional and human rights
experts are issuing a report today that condemns the Government of British Columbia
for its treatment of single mothers on social assistance. Shelagh Day, Margot
Young, Melina Buckley and Gwen Brodsky conclude in Human Rights Denied
that single mothers are discriminated against by the B.C. Government."
Complete report:
Human
Rights Denied:
Single Mothers on Social Assistance in British Columbia
(PDF file - 524K, 59 pages)
April 2005
By Gwen Brodsky, Melina Buckley,
Shelagh Day, and Margot Young
The Virtual
Human Rights Research Library section of the Human Rights Research and
Education Centre is an enormous collection of links to Canadian
human rights websites organized under the following headings: Also on the HRREC site: Interdisciplinary
Studies in Law: Globalization, Justice and Law |
Disability
Rights Promotion International (York University - Toronto)
"Disability
Rights Promotion International (DRPI) is a collaborative project to establish
an international monitoring system to address disability discrimination worldwide.Monitoring
the human rights situation of people with disabilities will:
* promote greater
awareness of disability discrimination
* inform advocacy for equal rights
* encourage development of inclusive laws and policies."
-
incl. links to : Text only version - Human Rights and Disability - The UN Human
Rights System - Contact Us - About DRPI - Why Use a Human Rights Perspective?
-
Why Monitor the Human Rights Situation of People with Disabilities? - History
of DRPI - Five Areas for Monitoring - DRPI Phase I: Background Research
DRPI
Phase II: Implementation
PHASE
I REPORT: Opportunities, Methodologies, and Training Resources for Disability
Rights Monitoring (PDF file - 1.4MB, 86 pages)
November 2003
"The
report:
* describes the United Nations international human rights treaties
and opportunities for the promotion and protection of the human rights of people
with disabilities
* reviews various methods for collecting human rights data
and ensuring thorough monitoring activities
* lists human rights training
resources for various audiences and describes them in relation to their usefulness
in the disability context."
FAPO
warns Government to keep its hands off Human Rights Act
(PDF file - 150K, 1 page) More
on the Economic Unit Policy from FAPO (PDF file - 1.3MB, 2 pages) Source: Related info: The maximum social assistance payable to
a single unemployed man or woman in New Brunswick is $264 per month. Household Income Policy Amendments
to the Human Rights Act |
Equal
Marriage For Same-sex Couples
This is the story of Kevin Bourassa
and Joe Varnell and other gay couples seeking the legal recognition of their right
to be a married couple.
It documents the journey of
same-sex couples in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec, as they fight governments
in court for the right to marriage.
The site includes legal factums and documents,
first-hand accounts, photos, etc.
What are Registered Domestic Partnerships?
Why are same-sex couples speaking out against RDPs? Find out here.
Great
site, extensive content, good presentation, and a worthy cause to support if you
believe in equality and freedom of choice. Visit the site, order the book ("Just
Married", May 2002) online, donate, write a letter of support.
"...there
are many gay and lesbian Canadians living today in long-term committed relationships,
caring for each other, and raising families together. They are entitled to respect
and dignity and should be afforded the same recognition in law as opposite-sex
couples." (Canadian Human Rights Commission)
Human
Rights Internet (HRI) - large Canadian site
"...a world leader
in the exchange of information within the worldwide human rights community. HRI
has its headquarters in Ottawa, and communicates with more than 5,000 organizations
and individuals around the world working for the advancement of human rights."
See the site map - this is a large
site that's rich in content...
Partner
Directory - links to the websites of almost three dozen partners
Core
Document forming Part of the reports of State Parties Canada
Human
Rights Internet
12 January 1998
Check
out this 24-page online report submitted by the federal government to the United
Nations for some excellent information about government and human rights in Canada.
"Canada's reports to the United Nations under multilateral treaties are prepared
by the federal Government in collaboration with the provincial and territorial
governments. The federal Department of Canadian Heritage assumes the general responsibility
for the preparation of the reports, including the consultations with the provincial
and territorial governments. It is assisted in this task by many other departments
and agencies, in particular the Department of Justice, Status of Women Canada,
the Department of Human Resources Development and Statistics Canada. The Canadian
Human Rights Commission is invited to provide input for all reports and to comment
on the drafts."
- includes : the land - the people
- general political structure - political history - the Constitution - political
framework and type of government -
legislative branches
of the federal and provincial governments - The judicial branch - territories
- municipalities - Self-government arrangements - general legal framework within
which human rights are protected - How international human rights instruments
are made part of the national legal system - institutions or national machinery
responsible for overseeing the implementation of human rights - and more...
Manitoba
Association for Rights and Liberties
List
of issues to be taken up in connection with the consideration of the third periodic
report of Canada : United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights - Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights (June 10, 1998)
Concluding observations of reports submitted by CANADA to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights PDF file - 73K, 10 pages December 4, 1998 Source: Low Income Families Together | ||||||||
Charter
Committee on Poverty Issues (CCPI) - Canada
CCPI
is a national coalition founded in 1989 to bring together low-income activists
and poverty law advocates for the purpose of assisting poor people in Canada to
secure and assert their rights under international human rights law, the Canadian
Charter of Rights and Freedoms (the "Charter"), human rights legislation and other
laws in Canada.
U.N.
'98 Page - links to 18 documents
Litigation - information concerning Canadian human rights cases involving the Charter Committee on Poverty Issues.
Submission
by the Charter Committee on Poverty Issues (CCPI) to the United Nations Committee
on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the occasion of the Review
of the Third Report of Canada at the Committee's 19th Session (November - December,
1998)
- Includes a detailed analysis (~25 printed pages)
of "the right to social assistance" with references to the Constitution Act, the
Charter of Rights and the change from CAP to the CHST.
NOTE:
The CCPI submission includes information on welfare case law in a number of jurisdictions
that you definitely won't find elsewhere - dealing with the right to social
assistance, adequacy of social assistance benefits, provincial contravention of
national "standards" under CAP, sections 7 and 15 of the Charter of Rights, etc.
The case law information was prepared by Vincent Calderhead,
Solicitor for the Charter Committee on Poverty Issues, in November, 1998.
The
Centre for Equality Rights in Accommodation (CERA)
and economic, social and
cultural rights education
"In addition
to using provincial human rights legislation to forward housing equality, CERA
works on a national and international level promoting social and economic rights,
such as the right to housing and an adequate standard of living. Specifically,
we work to promote interpretations of Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms
that protect the rights of poor people and are consistent with Canada's international
human rights obligations."
- includes over a dozen links to relevant documents (by govt, NGO, and UN), either prepared for the upcoming (May 2006) meeting of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Review of Canada or presented as contextual/historical information. Recommended reading!
Canadian
Housing Equality Resources
This
website is produced by the Centre for Equality Rights in Accommodation (CERA),
an Ontario-based non profit human rights organization that has spent the past
20 years challenging the systemic barriers and discrimination that contribute
to homelessness and housing insecurity.
- incl. links to : Advocate's Guide - Human Rights - Tools - Legislation - Case Law - Other Resources
Source:
Centre
for Equality Rights in Accommodation (CERA)
Related link:
Housing
rights: A Canadian web site
August 7, 2007
The Centre for Equality
Rights in Accommodation (CERA) has launched a new web site devoted to housing
rights in Canada called Canadian Housing Equality Resources. It's full of interesting
and important information, and is designed for everyone from the person (or household)
that is experiencing housing discrimination to the housing advocate. Lawyers and
legal advocates will find information on legislation and case law. And there are
lots of practical tools, like dealing with the media. CERA has been active for
two decades on housing issues and is recognized locally, nationally and internationally
as an important partner.
Source of this brief review:
Michael Shapcott
The
Wellesley Institute Blog
[ The
Wellesley Institute ]
Source:
Centre
for Equality Rights in Accommodation
United Nations Association in Canada (UNAC)
Canadian Human Rights Foundation
Canadian
Human Rights Reporter
Canadian human rights
case law from boards, tribunals, and courts published by the Canadian Human Rights
Reporter (C.H.R.R.)
From the AAAS Science and Human Rights Program [American Association for the Advancement of Science]: Canada-U.S
Human Rights Information and Documentation Network (CUSHRID) Directory
of Human Rights Resources on the Internet - links to almost 600 human rights
resources from around the world, organized by name of organization, by region/country,
by topic or by language Links to Members' Websites for links to two dozen related sites, including several Canadian sites |
INTERNATIONAL (Links added in reverse chronological order) |
Social Rights
This
website aims to give prominence to and address the major theoretical and practical
issues of economic, social and cultural rights the so-called second
generation rights. Although most governments and international organizations
claim to support the idea of the universality and indivisibility of rights, the
situation on the ground is quite different. There is silent agreement that economic,
social and cultural rights should be given second-class status.
- incl. links
to : * Home * About Us * Submit an Article * Contact Us * List of Economic, Social
and Cultural Rights, Instruments and Bodies
* Topics ( Council of Europe -
Democracy - European Union - Human Rights NGOs - Human Rights Theory - Legal Instruments
- Philosophical Topics - Political Theory - Promoting Economic Social and Cultural
Rights - Protection Mechanisms - United Nations - Workers' Rights)
-------------------------------
From
the website of
the United Nations:
The
Human Rights Council
The Human Rights Council is an inter-governmental
body within the UN system made up of 47 States responsible for strengthening the
promotion and protection of human rights around the globe. The Council was created
by the UN General Assembly on 15 March 2006 with the main purpose of addressing
situations of human rights violations and make recommendations on them.
---------------------------------
U.S.
to Join U.N. Human Rights Council, Reversing Bush Policy
By
Colum Lynch
March 31, 2009
UNITED NATIONS, March 31 -- The Obama administration
decided Tuesday to seek a seat on the U.N. Human Rights Council, reversing a decision
by the Bush administration to shun the United Nations' premier rights body to
protest the influence of repressive states. (...) The Geneva-based Human Rights
Council was established in March 2006 to replace the 60-year-old Human Rights
Commission, which lost international credibility after countries with abysmal
rights records, such as Sudan and Zimbabwe, were allowed to join and thwart criticism
of their actions. The Bush administration refused to join the new rights body,
saying it was not convinced that it represented much of an improvement over its
predecessor. (...) The Human Rights Council is an inter-governmental body within
the U.N. system made up of 47 elected members whose mission is to strengthen the
promotion and protection of human rights globally.
Source:
Washington
Post
Related links:
United
Nations Human Rights Council
From Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia
---------------------------------------------------------------
United
Nations to Canada: You're failing in your housing obligations...
March
5, 2009
By Michael Shapcott
Canada has a long and
successful history of housing programs that have provided a good home to literally
hundreds of thousands of households, but much of that history has been shredded
by almost two decades of funding cuts, downloading and cancellation of programs
at the federal level, and also at lower levels of government. That's the official
verdict of Miloon Kothari, the United Natons' Special Rapporteur on the Right
to Adequate Housing. The full report will be presented to the United Nations'
Human Rights Council on Monday. The Wellesley Institute was pleased to help organize
the civil society portion of Mr. Kothari's fact-finding mission to Canada, and
also to provide research and policy assistance.
Comment found in:
Wellesley
Institute Blog
[ Wellesley Institute
]
Complete report:
Report
of the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right
to
an adequate standard of living, and on the right to non-discrimination in this
context (PDF - 155K, 27 pages)
17 February 2009
By Miloon Kothari
At
the invitation of the Government, the Special Rapporteur conducted a mission to
Canada from 9 to 22 October 2007. The visit focused on four areas: homelessness;
women and their right to adequate housing; Aboriginal populations; adequate housing
and the possible impact of the 2010 Olympic Games on the right to adequate housing
in Vancouver.
Source:
Reports
for the 10th session of the Human Rights Council
NOTE:
Click the link in the preceding line to access links to dozens of reports
submitted to 10th session of the Human Rights Council; reports are organized by
country and by theme.
Below, you'll find links to a selection of those reports.
Report
of the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right
to
an adequate standard of living, and on the right to non-discrimination in this
context (PDF - 105K, 25 pages)
4 February 2009
By Raquel Rolnik
The
recent housing and mortgage crisis and the subsequent financial crisis have been
at the forefront of the media and international attention. Yet, little has been
said about their global impact on the right to adequate housing. In October 2008,
the Special Rapporteur shared her concerns with the General Assembly. Encouraged
by a number of delegations, she decided to devote her first report to the Human
Rights Council to this issue. The first section of the present report discusses
the housing/mortgage and financial crisis. The second part relates these crises
to the prevalent economic, financial and housing policies and approaches and their
impact on the right to adequate housing. The report concludes with a number of
preliminary recommendations to address the current situation including consideration
of the issue by the Human Rights Council.
Report
of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food
(PDF - 104K, 22 pages)
The role of development cooperation and food aid
in realizing
the right to adequate food: moving from charity to obligation
11
February 2009
By Olivier De Schutter
This report examines the contribution
of development cooperation and food aid to the realization of the right to food.
Development cooperation and food aid increasingly form a continuum ranging from
interventions aimed at providing long-term support for food security to short-term
answers to emergency situations. Both these policies have been under increased
scrutiny in recent years, and both are in need of reform.
Report
of the 2008 Social Forum (Geneva,
1-3 September 2008) (PDF - 110K, 29 pages)
16 January 2009
The present
report contains a summary of discussions and recommendations of the 2008 Social
Forum, held in Geneva from 1 to 3 September 2008, in accordance with Human Rights
Council resolution 6/13. In that resolution, the Council decided to preserve the
Social Forum as a vital space for dialogue between the representatives of Member
States and civil society, including grass-roots organizations and intergovernmental
organizations, on issues linked with
the national and international environment
needed for the promotion of the enjoyment of all human rights by all.
10th
session of the Human Rights Council (Geneva, 2 27 March 2009)
-
Main page, includes links to the agenda, the program, the reports, background
info on the Human Rights Council and much more...
Human
Rights Council
The Human Rights Council is an inter-governmental body
within the UN system made up of 47 States responsible for strengthening the promotion
and protection of human rights around the globe. The Council was created by the
UN General Assembly on 15 March 2006 with the main purpose of addressing situations
of human rights violations and make recommendations on them.
[ this link is
part of Human
Rights Bodies ]
[ ...which is part of UN
High Commissioner for Human Rights ]
[... which is part of the United
Nations ]
---
Universal
Periodic Review - Canada
3 February 2009
The Working Group on the
Universal Periodic Review, established in accordance with Human Rights Council
resolution 5/1 of 18 June 2007, held its fourth session from 2 to 13 February
2009. The review of Canada was held at the 3rd meeting on 3 February 2009.
Highlights of the Canada session 3 February 2009
National
report (PDF - 91K, 41 pages)
January 5, 2009
[ Each country under
review must submit a written report to the Council in advance of the review; this
is Canada's report for the Feb. 3/09 review. ]
- prepared in collaboration
by the federal, provincial and territorial governments of Canada
Compilation
of UN information (PDF - 94K, 19 pages)
The present report is a compilation
of the information contained in the reports of treaty bodies, special procedures,
including observations and comments by the State concerned, and other relevant
official United Nations documents.
Summary
of stakeholders' information (PDF - 87K, 18 pages)
NOTE : scroll down
to "Related links" below for the actual text of each of the 50 submissions
Outcome
of the review of Canada:
Report of the Working group (PDF - 96K, 24
pages)
February 5, 2009
Some general contextual information:
Universal
Periodic Review
The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a unique process
which involves a review of the human rights records of all 192 UN Member States
once every four years. The UPR is a State-driven process, under the auspices of
the Human Rights
Council, which provides the opportunity for each State to declare what
actions they have taken to improve the human rights situations in their countries
and to fulfil their human rights obligations. As one of the main features of the
Council, the UPR is designed to ensure equal treatment for every country when
their human rights situations are assessed.
[ More
Basic facts about the UPR ]
Source:
Human
Rights Council
[ United Nations
]
Related links:
Stakeholders
information - links to all 50 submissions from Canadian NGOs.
Highly
recommended reading --- insights into Canadian human rights issues from, among
many others:
* Canadian Human Rights Commission * Assembly First Nations *
Amnesty International * Council of Canadian with Disabilities * Charter Committee
on Poverty Issues * Canadian Coalition for the rights of Children * Canadians
For Choice * Citizens for Public Justice * Center on Research Action on Racial
Relations * Disability Right Promotion International Canada * EGALE - Egale Canada
* Canadian Feminist Alliance for International Action * International Center for
Transitional Justice * Independant Living Canada * Womens Housing Equality Network
* British Columbia Universal Periodic Review Coalition * KAIRO * Ligue des Droits
et Libertés * National Union of Public and General Employees * Native Womens
Association of Canada * Pivot Legal Society * Wellesley Institute * more...
Source:
UPR
Info
UPR-info.org is a creation of UPR Info, a Geneva-based Non-profit
and Non-governmental Organisation aiming at promoting and strengthening the Universal
Periodic Review by raising public awareness and facilitating the participation
of delegations and the civil society.
- incl. links to : * Home * UN System
* UPR Process * Countries * NGOs * Documents * Media Centre * About us * Links
Human
Rights (U.K.)
"800
years of human rights in the United Kingdom explored using original documents
from The National Archives"
The idea of "human rights" is
a relatively new development in history, but as this website from Britains
National Archives notes in its discussion of the long trajectory of struggles
for equality and so forth, "We could do worse than characterizing this history
as the struggle for human rights." This visually compelling online exhibit
uses original documents from The National Archives to take a long view of these
struggles and movements. Visitors can start their journey through the site by
picking a time period, and then reading an introductory essay on the period. Each
time period includes a timeline and links to digitized version of relevant documents,
such as The Poor Act of 1601 and a poster for a Staffordshire coal miners
union public meeting from 1831. The site is rounded out by a thorough glossary
and a document index.
Source:
National
Archives
(Government of the United Kingdom)
Reviewed by:
The
Scout Report, Copyright Internet Scout Project 1994-2007.
Amnesty
International Report 2007: the state of the world's human rights
Amnesty
International
Posted 07-06-2007
In Amnesty International's 2007 report on
the state of the world's human rights the Australian government is one of the
countries singled out for criticism for adopting 'the politics of fear' in relation
to asylum seekers. Additionally Australia's refugee policies, violence against
women and the counter-terrorism measures were areas highlighted as concerns.
Source:
APO
Weekly Briefing
[ Australian Policy Online
(APO) ]
Human
Rights Education Associates (HREA)
HREA is an
international non-governmental organisation that supports human rights learning;
the training of activists and professionals; the development of educational materials
and programming; and community-building through on-line technologies.
Study
Guides
"The Study Guides offer introductions to various human
rights topics. The guides present definitions, key rights at stake, human rights
instruments, and protection and assistance agencies. They guides also offer links
to the full text of international treaties relevant for the topic, and other useful
resources on the HREA and University of Minnesota Human Rights Library web sites."
Topics
include:
* Children & youth * Education * European human rights system
* Ethnic and racial minorities * Food & water * Freedom of assembly and association
* Freedom of expression * Freedom of movement * Freedom of religion or belief
* Housing * Indigenous peoples * Inter-American human rights system * International
humanitarian law * Persons with disabilities * Refugees * Right to culture * Right
to a family * Right to life * Right to means for adequate health * Right to vote
* Rights of non-citizens * Slavery and forced labour * Sexual orientation and
human rights * Sustainable development * The aged * Torture, inhuman or degrading
treatment * United Nations human rights system
[Click the Study Guides link
above to access any of these guides.]
Library
The
HRE Library contains over 2,000 full-text guides, curricula, textbooks and other
documents that can be used for both formal and non-formal education about, for
and in human rights.
Declaration
on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
Updated 14 September 2007:
UN
General Assembly adopts the Declaration in September 2007
With an overwhelming
majority of 143 votes in favour, only 4 negative votes cast (Canada, Australia,
New Zealand, United States) and 11 abstentions, the United Nations General Assembly
(GA) adopted the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples on September
13, 2007. The Declaration has been negotiated through more than 20 years between
nation-states and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
International
Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
AFN
National Chief applauds todays passage of the
UN Declaration on the
Rights of Indigenous Peoples Recognizing 30 years of work in the making
Source:
Assembly
of First Nations (AFN)
Canadian
vote left stain on country's reputation
September 26, 2007
Thursday
Sept. 13 was a sad day for Canada and its partnership with First Nations peoples
a partnership that has had too many sad chapters. It was also a sad day
for Canada's international reputation. The Government of Canada accomplished a
stunning about-face in voting against the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous
Peoples before the world that day.
Source:
The
Toronto Star
Related Web/News/Blog links:
Google
Search Results Links - always current results!
Using the following
search terms (without the quote marks):
"UN Declaration on the Rights
of Indigenous Peoples"
- Web search
results page
- News search results
page
- Blog Search Results page
Source:
Google.ca
Poverty
and Human Rights (PDF file - 237K, 32 pages)
Peter Townsend
Published
July 28, 2006
"Townsend presents the case for using human rights and the
deprivation of human rights as a measure of poverty. He argues that the World
Banks dollar-a-day standard, while a good temporary measure is now inconsistent,
uneven and ultimately inadequate. To Townsend, the Banks strategies focusing
on macro economic reform and that follow a neoliberal framework of privatizations
and cuts in public spending have failed. He promotes an alternative strategy for
poverty alleviation that includes employment creation, equitable taxation, universal
social services and democratic control of Trans National corporations and agencies.
Townsend hopes that by providing this alternative development strategy the most
vulnerable portions of global populations would be protected, namely the elderly,
sick (with terminal illness, i.e. AIDS), and children from vagaries of the market."
Source:
International
Conference on The Many Dimensions of Poverty
Brasilia, 29-31 August 2005
International
Poverty Centre
United Nations Development Programme
From Amnesty International:
Amnesty
International Report 2006 ($)
-
incl. links to: Regional Overview [including Canada, see the link below]
Asia-Pacific Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North
Africa) - Key Issues (Arms Control, International Justice, Displaced People,
Stop Violence Against Women [see the link below], Death Penalty) - Secretary
General's Message - The Search for Human Security - What does AI do?
Stop
violence against women:
WOMENS
RIGHT TO FREEDOM FROM VIOLENCE
Some 3,000 representatives from
governments and womens and human rights organizations came together in New
York in March 2005 to mark the 10th anniversary of the Beijing UN World Conference
on Women and to assess progress towards fulfilling the Beijing Declaration and
Program for Action. While governments unanimously reaffirmed the commitments they
had made a decade ago, they failed to make further pledges to promote and protect
womens human rights. This failure was in part the result of a retrogressive
attack on womens human rights that has become evident over the past few
years. This attack, especially regarding womens sexual rights and reproductive
rights, was led by conservative US-backed Christian groups and supported by the
Holy See and some member states of the Organization of the Islamic Conference.
The attacks on womens rights, the changed global security context and the
lack of will by states to implement international human rights standards formed
the backdrop against which AI continued throughout 2005 to join with womens
groups around the world to promote womens human rights.
Regional
Overview : Canada
"Indigenous women and girls continued to suffer
a high level of discrimination and violence. There were concerns that counter-terrorism
practices did not conform to human rights obligations. More..."
All Amnesty International Documents on Canada - links to 55 reports
Right
of Choice:
It's In Our Hands: Stop Violence Against Women
Amnesty
International Report 2006
July 10, 2006
From birth to death,
in times of peace as well as war, women face discrimination and violence at the
hands of the state, the community and the family. Female infanticide deprives
countless women of life itself. Every year, millions of women are raped by partners,
relatives, friends and strangers, by employers and colleagues, security officials
and soldiers. Women, children and men suffer from violence inflicted in the home,
but the overwhelming majority of victims are women and girls. During armed conflicts,
violence against women is often used as a weapon of war, in order to dehumanize
the women themselves, or to persecute the community to which they belong.
Source:
DAWN-Ontario
(DisAbled Women's Network-Ontario)
Human
Rights 101 (U.S. site)
"Using Human Rights 101, teens and teachers
can find the materials they need to create a human rights project - or they can
use the site to identify and pursue individual interests. The site provides teachers
with an online version of the Thirteen Human Rights 101 educators' toolkit, while
providing teens with ways to focus and absorb the variety of issues they can tackle.
- incl. an overview of human rights issues; a "profile" feature
that enables users to identify which human rights issues are most important to
them; a directory of human rights organizations highlighting teen volunteer opportunities;
and links to human rights programs and Web sites."
E-Petitions
and Letter-Writing Campaigns - Yes or No? --- The story of Amina Lawal Internet
Petitions - Added August 30, 2009 |
Human
Development Report 2004
Cultural Liberty in Todays Diverse World
July
15, 2004
Related Links
- go to the United Nations
Links page: http://www.canadiansocialresearch.net/un.htm
Slip-Sliding
Away: The Erosion of Hard-Won Gains for Women
Under the Bush Administration
and an Agenda for Moving Forward (PDF file - 529K, 77 pages) - U.S.
April,
2004
"In ways both well-publicized and carefully hidden, glaring and subtle,
the Bush Administration is rolling back womens progress in every aspect
of their lives. Slip-Sliding Away shows that many of the Administrations
actions with harsh effects on women are occurring almost completely without public
scrutiny, and that some of its more well-publicized actions have a particularly
harmful effect on women that is not widely known. The report includes recommended
actions that should be taken to expand and protect womens rights and opportunities."
Source:
National
Women's Law Center
Double
standards on human rights 'undermining UN'
March 14, 2005
The
United Nations human rights commission, the UN's principal forum for promoting
human rights, opens its annual six-week session today amid unprecedented criticism
of its competence and credibility. For years human rights groups have complained
of growing politicisation and double standards that have stifled debate and allowed
countries responsible for egregious abuses to escape condemnation. (...) Kenneth
Roth, head of New York-based Human Rights Watch, reckons that about half the commission's
53 members are there "not to promote human rights but to undermine them".
Source:
Financial
Times - U.S.
Related links:
Materials
for the 61st Session of the U.N. Commission on Human Rights
"Human
Rights Watch presents its priorities and concerns to the 61st session of the U.N.
Commission on Human Rights."
March 11, 2005
Source:
Human
Rights Watch
-------------------------------------------
Commission
on Human Rights - 61st session (Geneva )
14 March-22 April 2005
"The
United Nations Commission on Human Rights is the worlds foremost human rights
forum. Established in 1946 to weave the international legal fabric that protects
our fundamental rights and freedoms, its brief has expanded over time to allow
it to respond to the whole range of human rights problems. The Commission continues
to set standards to govern the conduct of States, but it also acts as a forum
where countries large and small, non-governmental groups and human rights defenders
from around the world can voice their concerns."
Source:
Office
of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
-------------------------------------------
Commission
on human rights holds sixty-first session at Palais des nations from 14 March
to 22 April 2005
10 March 2005
"The principal human rights
organ of the United Nations, the Commission on Human Rights, will conduct its
annual six-week session for 2005 from 14 March to 22 April."
Source:
United
Nations Office at Geneva
-------------------------------------------
Freedom
from want from charity to entitlement
(PDF file - 162K, 18 pages)
March 4, 2005
By Louise Arbour
United Nations
High Commissioner for Human Rights
Speech by Louise Arbour, United Nations
High Commissioner for Human Rights (LaFontaine-Baldwin lecture) on March 4, 2005
about human rights and poverty issues in Canada.
Source:
LaFontaine
Baldwin Lecture 2005
Louise
Arbour Takes Up Mandate of High Commissioner
Press Release
July
1, 2004
"Louise Arbour takes up her duties today as United Nations High
Commissioner for Human Rights. Mrs. Arbour was, until June 2004, a member of the
Supreme Court of Canada."
Source:
Office
of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Derechos
Human Rights
"...an international organization working for the
respect and promotion of human rights all over the world."
- incl. links
to : Site Map - Derechos' Café - HR Issues - The Disappeared - HR around
the World - HR Actions! - Groups hosted by Derechos - HR Mailing Lists - HR Links
- About Derechos - Contact Us
Derechos
Human Rights Links : directory of links, incl. Campaigns & Actions
- Directories - Education - General Human Rights Websites - Issues (reparations,
torture, women's rights, etc.) - International Organizations - Law - NGOs (by
issue, by region) - Politics & Government - Publications - Regional (regions,
countries, etc.) - Reports & News - Resources & Tools
for human rights
professionals & activists - Etcetera
- Canadian
Human Rights Links
Universal
Income Trust (New Zealand)
"Universal Income Trust is a non-profit,
registered, educational charity. Its purpose is to inform people about the social,
environmental, and economic benefits of universal income systems i.e. economic
systems that fulfil the minimum basic requirements inherent in the International
Bill of Human Rights."
Child
Rights Information Network (CRIN)
"The Child Rights Information
Network (CRIN) is a global network based in the U.K. that disseminates information
about the Convention on the Rights of the Child and child rights amongst non-governmental
organisations (NGOs), United Nations agencies, inter-governmental organisation
(IGOs), educational institutions, and other child rights experts."
-
LARGE site - containing references to hundreds of publications, recent news
and upcoming events, as well as details of organisations working worldwide for
children. The site also includes NGO reports reports submitted to the UN Committee
on the Rights of the Child
You'll find more links to CRIN website content - focusing on the work of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child - on the Canadian Social Research Links Children's Rights links page.
31st
Session of the Committee on the Rights of the Child
United Nations (September
16 - October 4, 2002)
(Go to the Canadian Social Research Links United
Nations Links page for related links)
Office
of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
Geneva, Switzerland
Site
Map
International Human Rights Instruments - links to over 100 declarations, covenants, protocols, resolutions, conventions, principles, guidelines - including the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons, the Declaration on the Rights of the Child, the Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons, etc.
World
Audit
"World Audit is in an international not-for-profit company,
registered in England by the registered charity, World Concern. Our aim is to
provide a truly global geopolitical perspective because we believe that corruption,
human rights abuses, vote stuffing, miscarriages of justice, and press censorship
in ANY country should be publicised to as wide an audience as possible.(...) World
Audit brings together statistics and reports from highly respected agencies, each
with their own developed specialities. Freedom House, Transparency International,
Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, The International Commission of Jurists
are THE names where political rights, civil liberties, press freedom, perceptions
of corruption, human rights, and the rule of law, are concerned. From their admirable
work we present and update the World Democracy Audit. Our reports monitor and
rank every one of the 149 nation states with populations in excess of 1 million
- thus 99% of the world's population. In addition, for purposes of comparison,
we include the Table produced by the World Forum of Electoral Democracies. Finally,
we have 210 country pages which include World Audit statistics and links to democracy
and human rights country reports, and now The Index of Economic Freedom as well,
a different kind of liberty to the other reported here."
- [Canada's
World Democracy Audit overall ranking --- 9th of 149 countries]
Related
Links:
World Concern -
"Sharing Christ's love in word and deed"
Freedom
House - "...a non-profit, nonpartisan organization, a clear voice
for democracy and freedom around the world"
Transparency
International - "...the global coalition against corruption"
Amnesty
International - "...working to protect human rights worldwide"
Human
Rights Watch - "...dedicated to protecting the human rights of
people around the world"
International
Commission of Jurists - "dedicated to the primacy, coherence and
implementation of international law and principles that advance human rights"
High-level
officials of six countries* and European Union address
Commission on Human Rights
[*including
Canada]
Press Release
March 19, 2002
Source : United
Nations Office at Geneva
The
Commission on Human Rights holds its annual session from 18 March to 26 April
2002.
Read background release
Read
all releases covering the session
The
High Commissioner gives a press conference as Commission begins session
Canada
can make a difference at Monterrey notes The North-South Institute
Press Release [Version
française]
March 18, 2002
OTTAWA
-- "Developed countries need to confirm their commitment to eradicating global
poverty by taking strong steps toward implementing the eight Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs) during this weeks United Nations Monterrey conference,
emphasizes Roy Culpeper, President of The North-South Institute."
Source
: The North-South Institute
Related Links :
From the U.N. News Centre :
Debate
on foreign development assistance must focus on concrete goals: UNDP chief
March 19, 2002
As a key United Nations forum on development moved into
its second day, the head of the UN Development Programme (UNDP) today said the
debate over official development assistance (ODA) should focus on what concrete
goals spending would achieve instead of what should be spent.
UNs
principal human rights body opens session in Geneva
March 18,
2002
The United Nations Human Rights Commission opened its fifty-eight
session in Geneva today, with UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Mary Robinson,
describing the gathering as the forum at which the most comprehensive debate on
the state of human rights around the world takes place.
UN
development summit opens amid calls for more international aid to poor countries
March 18, 2002
As world leaders assembled in Mexico today
for the start of a United Nations forum on mobilizing resources for development,
the heads of the UN economic commissions highlighted factors that blocked the
flow of aid and development efforts in their regions, such as heavy debt and armed
conflict.
From the U.N. Media Centre at Geneva :
The
Commission on Human Rights holds its annual session from 18 March to 26 April
Background
Release
Related
Releases
Press
Conference - (High Commissioner)
Center
for Economic and Social Rights (U.S.)
The Center
for Economic and Social Rights (CESR) was established in 1993 to promote social
justice through human rights. CESR works with social scientists and local partners
in affected communities to document rights violations, advocate for changes in
policies that impoverish and exploit people, and mobilize grassroots pressure
for social change.
- incl. links to : Home | About
CESR | About Rights | NEW | Events | Get Involved | Links | Media | Publications
| International Program | United States Program | Contact Info | Search
Links
- excellent collection, includes : Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Organizations
and Networks - Other Human Rights and Social Justice Organizations and Networks
-
Community-Based Organizations - Health and Environmental Justice - Rights
in the Global Economy - Middle East - Media Resources - Other Resources
OneWorld.net
|
Rights
& Democracy - The International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development
This site works best in Internet Explorer. (I'm being polite here
- actually, this site works like crap in Netscape 4.75)
Incl. Globalization
and Human Rights - Indigenous Peoples' Rights -International Human Rights Advocacy
-Women's Rights
Rights & Democracy - The International Centre for
Human Rights and Democratic Development is a non-partisan organization
with an international mandate. It was created by Canada's Parliament in 1988 to
encourage and support the universal values of human rights and the promotion of
democratic institutions and practices around the world.
President : Warren
Allmand
- Don't miss the excellent collection of links to Canadian and international
directories and databases - but I can't offer you a link to it because this site
uses frames.
You'll have to go there, using Internet Explorer.
USA
@WTO/DOHA - The United States of America at the 4th Ministerial Conference
of the World Trade Organization, in Doha, Qatar, 9-13 November 2001
Canada
and the WTO - 2001 Ministerial Conference in Doha, Qatar (from the Department
of Foreign Affairs and International Trade - DFAIT)
Also from DFAIT :
Trade Negotiations
and Agreements
Coverage
of the Fourth WTO Ministerial Conference in Doha (from the International
Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development)
OUR
WORLD IS NOT FOR SALE --- WTO: Shrink or Sink (from the Council
of Canadians)
WTO Watch
- Global information center on trade and sustainable development
Earth Summit 2002
Website - Building Partnerships for Sustainable Development
Incl. links to : Network 2002 Newsletter - National Sustainable
Development Strategies - The 2002 Page - Briefing Papers - Partners - Roadmap
to 2002 - UN CSD NGO Steering Committee - UN Documents - Links
Copenhagen
+5 : A Social Development Resource For All Stakeholders
Following-Up
the World Summit for Social Development / WSSD +5
See
the Site
Map -- links to WSSD - WSSD+5 - UN Commission on Social Development -
10 Commitments (Documents by Issues) - Stakeholders (Documents by Groups) - Emerging
Issues - Online Discussions for WSSD+5 - Links
Downloads
- LARGE archive of rich content on the following : World Summit for Social
Development, Copenhagen 1995 - WSSD +5: Review, Geneva 2000 - UN Commission on
Social Development - Emerging Issues: Beyond WSSD+5 - 10 Commitments: Documents
from Various Stakeholders by Issues
Tobin
Tax for Social Development
Jasmin Enayati
& Minu Hemmati, UNED-UK
June 2000
Related
links - go to the Canadian Social Research Links Tobin
Tax Links page
Project
DIANA
Yale Law School
World
Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty
Full
text of the report
Key
Documents
WDR
web site
Source: World
Bank PovertyNet
PovertyNet
Newsletter #23 September 2000
World Bank
[I subscribe to the PovertyNet Newsletter, and I heartily
recommend it to anyone looking for international poverty-related information...]
Click on the link above to read it online or to sign up to receive
the newsletter by e-mail.
In the September issue:
| 1. On-line Resources
on the IMF-World Bank Annual Meetings 2000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- This year's Annual Meetings of the joint World Bank-IMF Development Committee and the IMF's International Financial and Monetary Committee took place in Prague September 26-28. Related Websites: Development Committee web site Prague Briefing Center |
2. September
Feature: World Development Report 2000/2001 Urges Broader Approach to Reducing
Poverty
3. Voices of the Poor, Volume II: "Crying Out
for Change": Final Version Hot Off the Press
4. New Impact
Evaluation Web Site
5. Poverty Dimensions of Fiscal Year
1999 World Bank Lending
6. Information and Communication
Technology: A New Poverty Reduction Strategy Sourcebook Chapter
7.
Social Cohesion Nexus Newsletter (CPRN - Canada)
8. Overseas
Development Institute (ODI) Poverty Briefings
9. Help
Us!
10. To Receive or Stop Receiving this Newsletter
Source : World
Bank PovertyNet website
- See the World
Bank section lower down on this page
ILO
and Copenhagen +5
On the recommendation of
the World Summit for Social Development, the General Assembly decided in 1995
(resolution 50/161) to hold a special session in 2000 for an overall review and
appraisal of the implementation of the outcome of the Summit and to consider further
actions and initiatives. The Special Session of the General Assembly of the General
Assembly entitled "World Summit for Social Development and Beyond: Achieving Social
Development for All in a Globalizing World" will be held in Geneva from 26 to
30 June 2000.
The
ILO and the Geneva 2000 Forum - Programme of activities
United Nations Development Program
International
Save the Children Alliance
The International
Save the Children Alliance currently comprises 26 organisations around the world.
Working in over 100 countries, Save the Children is the largest independent movement
for children
World
Bank
(Focus on : Africa - East Asia and the Pacific
- Central Europe & Central Asia - Latin America & the Caribbean - Middle
East & North Africa - South Asia)
This is an enormous
site with scads of information - check out the site
map.
On-line resources on the World Bank-IMF Spring
Meetings
- Links to information on the April 2000
meetings of the joint World Bank-IMF Development Committee and the IMF's International
Financial and Monetary Committee.
- Development
Committee web site - incl. About the Development Committee - Issues -
Members and Observers - Communiques - Documentation - List of Chairmen - Secretariat
News and Events
Source : April 2000 issue of the PovertyNet
Newsletter
NOTE: Social researchers should
check out this newsletter for a wealth of info on global poverty issues. You can
examine 18 issues of the newsletter online, each with timely information and links
to reports and other related sites. You can also subscribe to receive the newsletter
by e-mail; I did after reading just one issue.
Another
must-visit site is the World
Bank PovertyNet website.
Report
2005: A dangerous new agenda
Press Release
May 25, 2005
"(London)
Governments are betraying their promise of a world order based on human rights
and are pursuing a dangerous new agenda, said Amnesty International today as it
launched its annual assessment of global human rights. Speaking at the launch
of the Amnesty International Report 2005, the organization's Secretary General
Irene Khan said that governments had failed to show principled leadership and
must be held to account."
Amnesty
International Report 2005
The state
of the world's human rights
"During 2004,
the human rights of ordinary men, women and children were disregarded and grossly
abused in every corner of the globe.
The Amnesty International Report 2005,
covering 149 countries, is a detailed picture of these abuses."
Canada
- one of 149 countries covered in this report...
More
Amnesty International reports concerning Canada - links to dozens of reports
Amnesty
International Report 2004
May 26, 2004
- incl. links to : AI Report
2004 - Secretary General's message - A human rights agenda - AI's activities -
Regional overview (Africa - Americas - Asia and the Pacific - Europe and Central
Asia - Middle East and North Africa) - List of countries - Report Guide - Buy
the report
Press Release:
Report
2004: War on global values -- attacks by armed groups and governments fuel mistrust,
fear and division
May 26, 2004
"(London) Governments and
armed groups have launched a war on global values, destroying the human rights
of ordinary people, Amnesty International said today as it released its annual
assessment of human rights worldwide. Launching the Amnesty International Report
2004, the organization said that violence by armed groups and increasing violations
by governments have combined to produce the most sustained attack on human rights
and international humanitarian law in 50 years. This was leading to a world of
growing mistrust, fear and division."
A few sample country reports:
- Canada
Report 2004
- United
States Report 2004
Source:
Amnesty
International
rightsnet
(U.K.)
"The welfare rights website for advice workers offers free, immediate
access to the most up to date social security information available. The site
also includes breaking news, new legislation, guidance and policy developments,
discussion forums, an updater, swopshop, q&as, rightsjobs, benefit rates
and more."
The
WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources
-
Nongovernmental Organizations
- The United
Nations
- The
European Union
- Human
Rights and Humanitarian Affairs
.
Vienna
Plus Five Global NGO Forum on Human Rights
Final
Document
June 22-24, 1998
Ottawa,
Canada
GLOBAL POLICY
FORUM
New York
Monitoring
global policy making at the United Nations
Social
and Economic Policy
Human
Rights and Transnational Corporations
Bretton
Woods Institutions & the World Trade Organization
International
Bureau for Children's Rights
The International Bureau
for Children's Rights was founded in Paris on 20 November, 1994, at the initiative
of Judge Andrée Ruffo of the Quebec Juvenile Court (Canada). The Bureau's
mission is to protect, defend and promote the rights and the welfare of all children
in every corner of the globe.
Human
Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human
rights of people around the world. We stand with victims and activists to prevent
discrimination, to uphold political freedom, to protect people from inhumane conduct
in wartime, and to bring offenders to justice. We investigate and expose human
rights violations and hold abusers accountable. We challenge governments and those
who hold power to end abusive practices and respect international human rights
law. We enlist the public and the international community to support the cause
of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an independent, nongovernmental
organization, supported by contributions from private individuals and foundations
worldwide.
The
Latest News - Human rights news from around the world, frequently updated.
2009
World Report: Obama Should Emphasize Human Rights Complete report: Human
Rights Watch World Report 2009 (PDF - 4.5MB, 576 pages) [ Links to Human Rights Watch's work on children's rights ] --- 2008
Report: Democracy Charade Undermines Rights Complete report: World Report 2008 * World
Report 2007 Source: Also from Human Rights Watch: US:
Leaving UN Rights Council Fails Victims of Abuse |
Human
Rights Watch (HRW) Email Lists (New York)
Read about and check out
sample issues of newsletters from HRW, then subscribe to receive one or more by
e-mail:
- Monthly Update
- HRW Publications
- Regional Human Rights (incl.
the Americas)
- Arms Trade and the Protection of Human Rights
- Children's
Rights Action Network
- Human Rights Watch News HIV/AIDS
- Human Rights
Watch News LGBT
- Human Rights Watch International
- Film Festival
-
Refugees
- Women's Rights
Human
Rights Research and Education Links
See
also United Nations Links
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